El rápido crecimiento de la industria de la restauración en general es una fuerza impulsora importante para que China expanda la demanda interna. Según los datos publicados por el Bureau Nacional de Estadísticas, en 2019 el volumen de ventas al público en bienes de consumo social en China fue de 41.2 billones, de los cuales el sector de la restauración total fue de 4.67 billones, representando aproximadamente el 11.3% del total de ventas al público en bienes de consumo social. Desde 2015, la industria de la restauración ha continuado aumentando su proporción en cero.
I. Estado y crecimiento de la industria de servicios alimentarios en la economía nacional El rápido crecimiento de la industria de servicios alimentarios en su conjunto es un motor importante para que China expanda la demanda interna. Según los datos publicados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, las ventas al por menor totales de bienes de consumo social en China en 2019 fueron de 41,2 billones, de los cuales las ventas totales de la industria de servicios alimentarios fueron de 4,67 billones, representando aproximadamente el 11,3% de las ventas al por menor totales de bienes de consumo social. Desde 2015, la industria de servicios alimentarios ha continuado aumentando su participación en cero
In terms of growth momentum, the retail sales of social consumer goods nationwide in 2019 increased by 8.0% year-on-year, and the catering industry increased by 9.4% year-on-year. In 2019, the contribution of consumption to GDP growth was 57.8%, driving GDP by about 3.5 percentage points, and becoming the first engine of macroeconomic growth for six consecutive years. The catering industry accounts for about 11.3% of total social retail sales, driving GDP growth by about 0.4 percentage points
China's catering industry is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses, with a low degree of chaining and market concentration. According to the China Culinary Association, there were more than 8 million catering merchants across the country in 2018. According to the survey data of the Meituan Research Institute in the first quarter of 2019, 86.5% of the catering merchants were individual stores, 82.5% of the catering merchants had an operating area of less than 100 square meters, and 95.9% of the catering merchants had less than 10 employees. As a result of the large number of small and medium-sized restaurants, the market concentration is not high and the scale effect in the industry is not obvious. With increasing competition in the industry, small and medium-sized enterprises in the catering industry will expose problems such as insufficient customer acquisition capabilities in single stores, low utilization of online platforms, and generally tight operating funds.
El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la industria de la restauración El brote de COVID-19 causó aproximadamente el 90% de las pérdidas comerciales en la industria de la restauración durante las vacaciones de Año Nuevo chino y febrero. Estimamos que si no hubiera hubido impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19, el ingreso de la restauración durante la semana dorada del Año Nuevo de 2020 sería de aproximadamente 124 mil millones de yuanes, pero podría haber disminuido en aproximadamente el 90%. El ingreso de la restauración en febrero también se espera que disminuya en un 90% en comparación con el mismo período del año pasado, y se espera que mejore gradualmente después de marzo. El ingreso anual de la restauración se espera que sea de 3.97 billones de yuanes, lo que es aproximadamente un 15% menos que en 2019.
Las compañías de catering enfrentan presiones de costos continuas. Frente a la epidemia, por un lado, la mayoría de la industria de la restauración se vio obligada a cerrar, por otro lado, todavía necesitaba pagar alquileres, costos laborales y también enfrentaba la depreciación de activos fijos. Basándose en datos de investigación de mercado y datos financieros de compañías de catering cotizadas, la suma de los tres costos de materias primas, mano de obra y alquiler representa aproximadamente el 70% del costo total (Figura 5). En segundo lugar, el costo de compra de materiales para la prevención y control de la epidemia ha aumentado significativamente. Afectadas por la epidemia, la industria de la restauración comprará adicionalmente mascarillas, agua de desinfección, equipos de medición de temperatura, etc., para cumplir con los requisitos de seguridad de la prevención y control de la epidemia, lo que ha aumentado enormemente el gasto de las empresas de restauración.
Catering companies are facing huge funding problems. Under the dual impact of increasing spending and reducing revenue, although catering companies have turned to online business and increased sales through take-out platforms or private domain traffic channels to solve the business dilemma brought by the closure, some small and medium catering companies will find it difficult to continue due to cash flow Forced to close or close. Leading companies in the industry are also facing greater cash flow pressures. Under the circumstances of obtaining bank credit or external capital injection, they may still be forced to take measures such as salary reductions, store closures, and layoffs. The catering industry supply chain has been hit. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the catering industry is a food supplier, the midstream is a supply chain enterprise (self-built supply chain system or by means of a platform-based supply chain enterprise), and the downstream is a store of various catering enterprises. Due to the current delay in resuming work in the upper and middle reaches, the production capacity of related companies after the Spring Festival has not been fully restored, and the farmer's market channels have not been fully connected. Feed transportation, food production and product transportation have been affected to varying degrees. The upstream and downstream supply chains are blocked, the consumer demand is reduced, and the industry is delayed to resume work, which means that the catering industry supply chain has been hit. Three trends for the future development of the catering industry 1. The shift from offline dining to online promotes the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. The new crown pneumonia epidemic caused great losses to the catering industry at the end of January and February. Although catering is an important service consumption mode in the long-term trend, eating out will have a weak growth in the short to medium term. After the epidemic, the restaurant industry will be reshuffled, and the industry concentration will increase. At the same time, the market for online food ordering will see explosive growth In terms of takeaway food, in addition to manufactured products, the demand for semi-manufactured products will also increase, driving the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. 2. The proportion of unmanned catering services will further increase. In view of the increase in the risk of new coronary pneumonia due to human contact, some unmanned and non-contact catering services will be accelerated, including the unmanned (no waiter) restaurant concept: customers enter the restaurant, scan the order with their mobile phones to pay for meals, After finishing the catering, the robot will deliver the meal. The customer does not contact the waiter during the whole process. 3． Meals are reduced in density, higher requirements are placed on venues, sanitation and ventilation systems, and catering costs increase. Considering that the probability of the new crown pneumonia epidemic spreading in confined spaces is greater, the catering business of catering companies will face higher requirements, including lowering customer density, upgrading sanitation and disinfection, and strengthening ventilation measures. These will increase the cost of catering operations to a certain extent. For those catering companies that have made adaptive adjustments in advance, the catering market will be able to obtain relatively obvious competitive advantages after the epidemic has subsided. 4． Restrictions on wild food products have increased, and the standardization and supervision of the food industry will be significantly strengthened. Due to the large variety of wildlife in China, many wild animals were not included before the "National People's Congress Standing Committee's Decision on the Comprehensive Ban on Illegal Wildlife Trade, Elimination of Wild Animal Habits, and Effective Protection of People's Health and Safety" The scope of management is a major difficulty in law enforcement. With the release of the "Decision", various departments will adjust and improve the relevant catalogues and supporting regulations to further clarify the scope of fasting. At the same time, law enforcement agencies will carry out special crackdown actions, resolutely ban illegal wildlife markets, and effectively increase crackdown on wildlife-related crimes. Under the guidance and supervision of the government, the standardization of the food industry will further increase.
