ការកើនឡើងយ៉ាងលឿននៃឧស្សាហកម្មផ្គត់ផ្គង់អាហារគ្រប់គ្រងគឺជាគន្លឹកដឹកនាំសំខាន់មួយសំរាប់ប្រទេសចិនក្នុងការពង្រីកការតម្រូវការក្នុងស្រុក។យោងតាមទិន្នន័យដែលចេញផ្សាយដោយក្រុមហ៊ុនអន្តរការបញ្ជាក់សិទ្ធិបរិសុទ្ធជាតិ ចំណុចលក្ខណៈពិសេសនៃការលក់រាយសុវត្ថិភាពសង្គមនៅប្រទេសចិនក្នុងឆ្នាំ2019គឺ41.2តាននគរ ដែលក្នុងចំណោមនេះ ចំណុចលក្ខណៈពិសេសនៃឧស្សាហកម្មផ្គត់ផ្គង់អាហារគ្រប់គ្រងគឺ4.67តាននគរ សំដៅសម្រាប់ប្រហែល11.3%នៃចំណុចលក្ខណៈពិសេសនៃការលក់រាយសង្គមទាំងមូល។ចាប់តាំងពី2015 ឧស្សាហកម្មផ្គត់ផ្គង់អាហារគ្រប់គ្រងបានកើនឡើងបន្តនូវភាគរយកម្រិតគ្នាអស់។
I. Status and growth of the catering industry in the national economy The rapid growth of the catering industry as a whole is an important driving force for China to expand domestic demand. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in China in 2019 was 41.2 trillion, of which the total catering industry was 4.67 trillion, accounting for about 11.3% of total social retail sales. Since 2015, the catering industry has continued to increase its share of zero
就增长势头而言，2019年全国社会消费品零售总额同比增长了8.0%，餐饮业同比增长了9.4%。2019年，消费对GDP增长的贡献率为57.8%，拉动GDP约3.5个百分点，并连续六年成为宏观经济增长的第一引擎。餐饮业占社会零售总额的约11.3%，拉动GDP增长约0.4个百分点
ឧស្សាហកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិនត្រូវបានគ្រប់គ្រងដោយអាជីវកម្មខ្នាតតូចនិងធំ ជាមួយអត្រាកំរិតខ្នាតតូចនិងកំរិតតូចនៃការចំណាប់ខ្នាតនិងកំរិតតូចនៃទីផ្សារ។ យោងតាមសមាគមអាហារចិន នៅឆ្នាំ2018 មានអាជីវកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិនចំនួនលើស8លាននាក់។ យោងតាមទិន្នន័យសិក្សារបស់វិទ្យាស្ថានសិក្សាម៉េតុន ក្នុងឆ្នាំ2019ដំបូង 86.5%នៃអាជីវកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិនគឺជាអាជីវកម្មឯករាជ្យ 82.5%នៃអាជីវកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិនមានតំបន់ប្រតិបត្តិកម្រិតតូចជាង100ម៉ែត្រពីរពីរ ហើយ95.9%នៃអាជីវកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិនមានមន្ត្រីតិចជាង10នាក់។ ដោយសារមានអាជីវកម្មខ្នាតតូចនិងធំចំនួនច្រើន ទីផ្សារមានកំរិតតូចនិងជំរុះកម្រិតតូចនៃឧស្សាហកម្ម។ ជាលទ្ធផលនៃការប្រកួតប្រជែងច្រើនក្នុងឧស្សាហកម្ម អាជីវកម្មខ្នាតតូចនិងធំក្នុងឧស្សាហកម្មអាហារកបរបស់ប្រទេសចិននឹងបង្ហាញបញ្ហាដូចជា សមត្ថភាពទាយពិន្ទុមួយនៅក្នុងអាជីវកម្មឯករាជ្យមិនគ្រប់គ្រាន់ ការប្រើប្រាស់ស្ថានីយ៍អ៊ីនធើមិនច្រើន ហើយបុគ្គលទុនកម្រិតតូចជាងធម្មតា។
Impact of New Crown Pneumonia on the Catering Industry The new crown pneumonia epidemic caused about 90% of business losses in the catering industry during the Spring Festival holiday and February. We estimate that without the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the catering revenue of the Spring Festival Golden Week in 2020 will be about 124 billion yuan, but it may actually decrease by about 90%. The catering revenue in February is also expected to decrease by 90% compared to the same period last year, and it is expected to gradually improve after March. The annual catering revenue is expected to be 3.97 trillion yuan, which is about 15% lower than in 2019.
ក្រុមហ៊ុនផ្គត់ផ្គង់ពិភ័ក្រកំពុងប្រឈមនឹងសំពាធខាងចំណាយដែលកើតឡើងជាបន្តបន្ទាប់។ ក្នុងការប្រតិបត្តិជាមួយជំងឺគ្រុនផ្កាសក្រពើហើយ ម្ខាងមួយ ភាគច្រើននៃឧស្សាហកម្មផ្គត់ផ្គង់ត្រូវបានតម្រូវឲ្យបិទទីក្រុង និងម្ខាងផ្សេងទៀត វានៅតែត្រូវបានបង់ប្រាក់បៀវចំណេញ ចំណាយកម្មករ ហើយក៏ប្រឈមនឹងការថយចុះនៃទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិចំណាយដែលមានស្ថេរភាព។ បើយកស្របទៅនឹងទិន្នន័យនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវផ្លូវពេញនិយម និងទិន្នន័យហិរញ្ញវត្ថុនៃក្រុមហ៊ុនផ្គត់ផ្គង់ដែលបានចុះឯកសារ ទំហំសរុបនៃចំណាយទាំងបីនៃសារធាតុ កម្មករ និងបៀវចំណេញ មានប្រហែល 70% នៃចំណាយទាំងអស់ (រូបភាព 5)។ លើសពីនេះទៅ ចំណាយនៃការទិញសារធាតុសំរាប់ការព្យាបាលជំងឺគ្រុនផ្កាសក្រពើ បានកើនឡើងយ៉ាងខ្លាំង។ ចំណាប់អារម្មណ៍ដោយជំងឺ ឧស្សាហកម្មផ្គត់ផ្គង់នឹងទិញសារធាតុបន្ថែមដូចជា ម៉ាស ទឹកសំលាប់ម៉ាស ស៊ីម៉ាន់ធ័រសុវត្ថិភាព និងស៊ីម៉ាន់ធ័រខ្យល់ ដើម្បីមានសុវត្ថិភាពសំរាប់ការព្យាបាលជំងឺ ដែលបានធ្វើឲ្យចំណាយរបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុនផ្គត់ផ្គង់កើនឡើងខ្លាំង។
Catering companies are facing huge funding problems. Under the dual impact of increasing spending and reducing revenue, although catering companies have turned to online business and increased sales through take-out platforms or private domain traffic channels to solve the business dilemma brought by the closure, some small and medium catering companies will find it difficult to continue due to cash flow Forced to close or close. Leading companies in the industry are also facing greater cash flow pressures. Under the circumstances of obtaining bank credit or external capital injection, they may still be forced to take measures such as salary reductions, store closures, and layoffs. The catering industry supply chain has been hit. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the catering industry is a food supplier, the midstream is a supply chain enterprise (self-built supply chain system or by means of a platform-based supply chain enterprise), and the downstream is a store of various catering enterprises. Due to the current delay in resuming work in the upper and middle reaches, the production capacity of related companies after the Spring Festival has not been fully restored, and the farmer's market channels have not been fully connected. Feed transportation, food production and product transportation have been affected to varying degrees. The upstream and downstream supply chains are blocked, the consumer demand is reduced, and the industry is delayed to resume work, which means that the catering industry supply chain has been hit. Three trends for the future development of the catering industry 1. The shift from offline dining to online promotes the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. The new crown pneumonia epidemic caused great losses to the catering industry at the end of January and February. Although catering is an important service consumption mode in the long-term trend, eating out will have a weak growth in the short to medium term. After the epidemic, the restaurant industry will be reshuffled, and the industry concentration will increase. At the same time, the market for online food ordering will see explosive growth In terms of takeaway food, in addition to manufactured products, the demand for semi-manufactured products will also increase, driving the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. 2. The proportion of unmanned catering services will further increase. In view of the increase in the risk of new coronary pneumonia due to human contact, some unmanned and non-contact catering services will be accelerated, including the unmanned (no waiter) restaurant concept: customers enter the restaurant, scan the order with their mobile phones to pay for meals, After finishing the catering, the robot will deliver the meal. The customer does not contact the waiter during the whole process. 3． Meals are reduced in density, higher requirements are placed on venues, sanitation and ventilation systems, and catering costs increase. Considering that the probability of the new crown pneumonia epidemic spreading in confined spaces is greater, the catering business of catering companies will face higher requirements, including lowering customer density, upgrading sanitation and disinfection, and strengthening ventilation measures. These will increase the cost of catering operations to a certain extent. For those catering companies that have made adaptive adjustments in advance, the catering market will be able to obtain relatively obvious competitive advantages after the epidemic has subsided. 4． Restrictions on wild food products have increased, and the standardization and supervision of the food industry will be significantly strengthened. Due to the large variety of wildlife in China, many wild animals were not included before the "National People's Congress Standing Committee's Decision on the Comprehensive Ban on Illegal Wildlife Trade, Elimination of Wild Animal Habits, and Effective Protection of People's Health and Safety" The scope of management is a major difficulty in law enforcement. With the release of the "Decision", various departments will adjust and improve the relevant catalogues and supporting regulations to further clarify the scope of fasting. At the same time, law enforcement agencies will carry out special crackdown actions, resolutely ban illegal wildlife markets, and effectively increase crackdown on wildlife-related crimes. Under the guidance and supervision of the government, the standardization of the food industry will further increase.
