The rapid growth of the catering industry as a whole is an important driving force for China to expand domestic demand. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in China in 2019 was 41.2 trillion, of which the total catering industry was 4.67 trillion, accounting for about 11.3% of total social retail sales. Since 2015, the catering industry has continued to increase its proportion of zero.
一、餐饮产业在国民经济中的地位和发展趋势 （一）餐饮产业整体快速发展是扩大内需的重要动力 根据国家统计局发布的数据，2019年我国社会消费品零售总额为41.2万亿元，其中餐饮业零售额为4.67万亿元，占社会消费品零售总额的比重约为11.3%。自2015年以来，餐饮行业持续增加其占比。
فيما يتعلق بالزخم النموي، زادت مبيعات التجزئة الاستهلاكية الاجتماعية الوطنية بنسبة 8.0% على أساس سنوي في عام 2019، وارتفعت صناعة الطعام بنسبة 9.4% على أساس سنوي. في عام 2019، كانت مساهمة الاستهلاك في نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي 57.8%، مما دفع الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بحوالي 3.5 نقطة مئوية، وأصبحت المحرك الأول للنمو الاقتصادي الكلي لست سنوات متتالية. تشكل صناعة الطعام حوالي 11.3% من إجمالي مبيعات التجزئة الاجتماعية، مما يدفع نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بحوالي 0.4 نقطة مئوية
Çin'in yemek sektörü, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler tarafından yönetilmekte olup, zincirleşme derecesi ve pazar konsantrasyonu düşüktür. Çin Şefler Birliği'ne göre, 2018 yılında ülke genelinde 8 milyondan fazla yemek işletmesi bulunmaktadır. 2019 yılının ilk çeyreğinde Meituan Araştırma Enstitüsü'nün anket verilerine göre, yemek işletmecilerinin %86.5'i bireysel dükkanlardı, %82.5'i 100 metrekareden az bir işletme alanına sahipti ve %95.9'u 10'dan az çalışanlara sahipti. Büyük sayıda küçük ve orta ölçekli restoran nedeniyle, pazar konsantrasyonu yüksek değildir ve sektördeki ölçek etkisi belirgin değildir. Sektördeki rekabet arttıkça, yemek sektöründeki küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler, tek dükkanlarda yetersiz müşteri kazanma yetenekleri, online platformların düşük kullanım oranları ve genellikle sıkı işletme fonları gibi sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalacaktır.
코로나바이러스 감염증이 식음료 산업에 미치는 영향 코로나바이러스 감염증 팬데믹은 춘절 연휴과 2월에 식음료 산업의 대부분의 사업 손실을 초래했습니다. 우리는 코로나바이러스 감염증의 영향 없이 2020년 춘절 금주 기간의 식음료 수입이 약 1240억 위안이었다고 추정하지만, 실제로는 약 90% 감소할 것으로 보입니다. 2월의 식음료 수입도 작년 같은 기간에 비해 약 90% 감소할 것으로 예상되며, 3월 이후에는 점차 개선될 것으로 기대됩니다. 연간 식음료 수입은 3.97조 위안으로, 이는 2019년에 비해 약 15% 감소한 수준입니다.
餐饮企业面临持续的成本压力。在疫情面前，一方面大部分餐饮企业被迫停业，另一方面还要支付房租、人工成本，同时还要面对固定资产折旧的问题。根据市场调研数据和上市餐饮企业的财务数据，原材料、人工、租金三项成本合计约占总成本的70%（图5）。其次，防疫物资采购成本大幅上升。受疫情影响，餐饮行业将购买口罩、消毒液、测温仪等防疫物资，以满足防疫安全要求，这大大增加了餐饮企业的支出。
Catering companies are facing huge funding problems. Under the dual impact of increasing spending and reducing revenue, although catering companies have turned to online business and increased sales through take-out platforms or private domain traffic channels to solve the business dilemma brought by the closure, some small and medium catering companies will find it difficult to continue due to cash flow Forced to close or close. Leading companies in the industry are also facing greater cash flow pressures. Under the circumstances of obtaining bank credit or external capital injection, they may still be forced to take measures such as salary reductions, store closures, and layoffs. The catering industry supply chain has been hit. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the catering industry is a food supplier, the midstream is a supply chain enterprise (self-built supply chain system or by means of a platform-based supply chain enterprise), and the downstream is a store of various catering enterprises. Due to the current delay in resuming work in the upper and middle reaches, the production capacity of related companies after the Spring Festival has not been fully restored, and the farmer's market channels have not been fully connected. Feed transportation, food production and product transportation have been affected to varying degrees. The upstream and downstream supply chains are blocked, the consumer demand is reduced, and the industry is delayed to resume work, which means that the catering industry supply chain has been hit. Three trends for the future development of the catering industry 1. The shift from offline dining to online promotes the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. The new crown pneumonia epidemic caused great losses to the catering industry at the end of January and February. Although catering is an important service consumption mode in the long-term trend, eating out will have a weak growth in the short to medium term. After the epidemic, the restaurant industry will be reshuffled, and the industry concentration will increase. At the same time, the market for online food ordering will see explosive growth In terms of takeaway food, in addition to manufactured products, the demand for semi-manufactured products will also increase, driving the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. 2. The proportion of unmanned catering services will further increase. In view of the increase in the risk of new coronary pneumonia due to human contact, some unmanned and non-contact catering services will be accelerated, including the unmanned (no waiter) restaurant concept: customers enter the restaurant, scan the order with their mobile phones to pay for meals, After finishing the catering, the robot will deliver the meal. The customer does not contact the waiter during the whole process. 3． Meals are reduced in density, higher requirements are placed on venues, sanitation and ventilation systems, and catering costs increase. Considering that the probability of the new crown pneumonia epidemic spreading in confined spaces is greater, the catering business of catering companies will face higher requirements, including lowering customer density, upgrading sanitation and disinfection, and strengthening ventilation measures. These will increase the cost of catering operations to a certain extent. For those catering companies that have made adaptive adjustments in advance, the catering market will be able to obtain relatively obvious competitive advantages after the epidemic has subsided. 4． Restrictions on wild food products have increased, and the standardization and supervision of the food industry will be significantly strengthened. Due to the large variety of wildlife in China, many wild animals were not included before the "National People's Congress Standing Committee's Decision on the Comprehensive Ban on Illegal Wildlife Trade, Elimination of Wild Animal Habits, and Effective Protection of People's Health and Safety" The scope of management is a major difficulty in law enforcement. With the release of the "Decision", various departments will adjust and improve the relevant catalogues and supporting regulations to further clarify the scope of fasting. At the same time, law enforcement agencies will carry out special crackdown actions, resolutely ban illegal wildlife markets, and effectively increase crackdown on wildlife-related crimes. Under the guidance and supervision of the government, the standardization of the food industry will further increase.
