餐饮行业的快速增长是中国扩大内需的一个重要驱动力。根据国家统计局发布的数据，2019年中国社会消费品零售总额为41.2万亿元，其中餐饮业总销售额为4.67万亿元，占总社会消费品零售总额的大约11.3%。自2015年以来，餐饮业在零售总额中的占比持续增加。
I. Status and growth of the catering industry in the national economy The rapid growth of the catering industry as a whole is an important driving force for China to expand domestic demand. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in China in 2019 was 41.2 trillion, of which the total catering industry was 4.67 trillion, accounting for about 11.3% of total social retail sales. Since 2015, the catering industry has continued to increase its share of zero
Mengenai momentum pertumbuhan, penjualan ritel konsumsi sosial nasional pada tahun 2019 meningkat sebesar 8.0% tahunan, dan industri makanan meningkat sebesar 9.4% tahunan. Pada tahun 2019, konsumsi menyumbang 57.8% kepada pertumbuhan GDP, mendorong GDP sekitar 3.5 poin persentase, dan menjadi mesin penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi makro selama enam tahun berturut-turut. Industri makanan menyumbang kira-kira 11.3% dari total penjualan ritel sosial, mendorong pertumbuhan GDP sekitar 0.4 poin persentase.
中國的飲食業由中小企業主導，並且連鎖度和市場集中度都偏低。根據中國烹飪協會的數據，2018年全國有超過800萬的飲食商家。根據2019年第一季度的美团研究院調查數據，86.5%的飲食商家為個人店，82.5%的飲食商家營業面積少於100平方米，以及95.9%的飲食商家員工數量少於10人。由於中小型餐廳的数量眾多，市場集中度並不高，行業的規模效應也不明顯。隨著行業競爭日趨激烈，飲食業的中小企業將面臨一些問題，包括單店客戶獲取能力不足、線上平台利用率低以及一般而言運營資金緊缺等。
新冠状病毒肺炎对餐饮行业的影响新冠状病毒肺炎疫情导致春节期间及2月份餐饮行业损失约90%，若没有新冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响，2020年春节黄金周餐饮收入约为1240亿元，但实际可能减少约90%，2月份餐饮收入也预计较去年同期下降约90%，3月后逐步恢复，全年餐饮收入预计为3.97万亿元，同比下降约15%。
餐饮企业面临持续的成本压力。在疫情面前，一方面大部分餐饮企业被迫停业，另一方面仍需支付房租、人工成本，同时还要面对固定资产折旧等。根据市场调研数据和上市餐饮企业的财务数据，原材料、人工、租金三项成本合计约占总成本的70%（图5）。其次，防疫物资采购成本大幅上升。受疫情的影响，餐饮行业将额外购买口罩、消毒液、测温仪等防疫物资，以满足防疫安全要求，这大大增加了餐饮企业的支出。
Catering companies are facing huge funding problems. Under the dual impact of increasing spending and reducing revenue, although catering companies have turned to online business and increased sales through take-out platforms or private domain traffic channels to solve the business dilemma brought by the closure, some small and medium catering companies will find it difficult to continue due to cash flow Forced to close or close. Leading companies in the industry are also facing greater cash flow pressures. Under the circumstances of obtaining bank credit or external capital injection, they may still be forced to take measures such as salary reductions, store closures, and layoffs. The catering industry supply chain has been hit. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the catering industry is a food supplier, the midstream is a supply chain enterprise (self-built supply chain system or by means of a platform-based supply chain enterprise), and the downstream is a store of various catering enterprises. Due to the current delay in resuming work in the upper and middle reaches, the production capacity of related companies after the Spring Festival has not been fully restored, and the farmer's market channels have not been fully connected. Feed transportation, food production and product transportation have been affected to varying degrees. The upstream and downstream supply chains are blocked, the consumer demand is reduced, and the industry is delayed to resume work, which means that the catering industry supply chain has been hit. Three trends for the future development of the catering industry 1. The shift from offline dining to online promotes the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. The new crown pneumonia epidemic caused great losses to the catering industry at the end of January and February. Although catering is an important service consumption mode in the long-term trend, eating out will have a weak growth in the short to medium term. After the epidemic, the restaurant industry will be reshuffled, and the industry concentration will increase. At the same time, the market for online food ordering will see explosive growth In terms of takeaway food, in addition to manufactured products, the demand for semi-manufactured products will also increase, driving the rapid and diversified development of the takeaway industry. 2. The proportion of unmanned catering services will further increase. In view of the increase in the risk of new coronary pneumonia due to human contact, some unmanned and non-contact catering services will be accelerated, including the unmanned (no waiter) restaurant concept: customers enter the restaurant, scan the order with their mobile phones to pay for meals, After finishing the catering, the robot will deliver the meal. The customer does not contact the waiter during the whole process. 3． Meals are reduced in density, higher requirements are placed on venues, sanitation and ventilation systems, and catering costs increase. Considering that the probability of the new crown pneumonia epidemic spreading in confined spaces is greater, the catering business of catering companies will face higher requirements, including lowering customer density, upgrading sanitation and disinfection, and strengthening ventilation measures. These will increase the cost of catering operations to a certain extent. For those catering companies that have made adaptive adjustments in advance, the catering market will be able to obtain relatively obvious competitive advantages after the epidemic has subsided. 4． Restrictions on wild food products have increased, and the standardization and supervision of the food industry will be significantly strengthened. Due to the large variety of wildlife in China, many wild animals were not included before the "National People's Congress Standing Committee's Decision on the Comprehensive Ban on Illegal Wildlife Trade, Elimination of Wild Animal Habits, and Effective Protection of People's Health and Safety" The scope of management is a major difficulty in law enforcement. With the release of the "Decision", various departments will adjust and improve the relevant catalogues and supporting regulations to further clarify the scope of fasting. At the same time, law enforcement agencies will carry out special crackdown actions, resolutely ban illegal wildlife markets, and effectively increase crackdown on wildlife-related crimes. Under the guidance and supervision of the government, the standardization of the food industry will further increase.
